Organizers of the Winter Games made clean energy a priority. Here's how they did it

The organizing committee said that energy use is where they can make the most meaningful impact, since it has been one of the main drivers of planet-warming emissions at major events.

And Italy's largest electricity company, Enel, guaranteed the supply of entirely certified renewable electricity for event venues.

Here's a look at what that means:

To guarantee 100% renewable energy, Enel bought certificates

The organizing committee said in its September sustainability report that its Games-time electrical energy would be 100% green, fed by certified renewable sources. In rare cases where temporary power generation is required, hydrotreated vegetable oil would be substituted for traditional diesel fuels, it said.

"This is also an opportunity to contribute to a broader shift — showing athletes, spectators and future host cities that cleaner energy solutions are increasingly viable for events of this scale," the committee said Friday in a statement to The Associated Press. "We hope the steps taken for these Games can support ongoing progress across major events."

Enel said it is supplying 85 gigawatt-hours of power for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. It bought "guarantee of origin" (GO) certificates on the market from renewable energy plants to cover the entire Games' energy demand.

GO certificates are a European mechanism created in 2001. Each certificate corresponds to 1 megawatt-hour of electricity produced using a certified renewable source.

Certificates are a way to prove your energy is green

These certificates are traded on the power market, in negotiations between companies or through brokers.

Once used, they are canceled to prevent the same megawatt hour from being claimed twice. This system is meant to support the development of renewable sources by helping companies meet their green energy targets.

Enel told the AP in a statement that its commitment to cleanly powering the events "translates the values of sustainability and inclusion inherent in the Games into concrete terms, combining technological innovation and environmental protection."

While many say GOs are vital to promote Earth's decarbonization, the system has its detractors. Matteo Villa, who leads the data lab at the Italian Institute for International Political Studies, said it is a "great way to promote your event," but it's not making Italy cleaner or more renewable.

The Games can only be as clean, or as sustainable, as the whole of Italy, Villa added.

Enel says it's producing a lot of clean electricity in Italy

Nearly three-quarters of the electricity Enel produced in Italy in 2025 was carbon-free, according to its preliminary full-year operational data. About 50% came from hydropower, followed by 17% from geothermal and less than 10% from wind, solar and other renewables. The remainder was mostly from gas-fired power plants.

Many power plants that use water to produce electricity are in northern Italy, where mountains and rivers make for highly productive facilities. But Italy's national grid is still largely reliant on fossil fuels, according to country-specific data from the International Energy Agency.

Enel built new primary substations in Livigno and Arabba to distribute electricity throughout the territory. It also built and upgraded distribution infrastructure in the Livigno, Bormio and Cortina areas, which will benefit residents after the Games end.

Enel has a spot in the fan village in Cortina, where events are livestreamed.

Another challenge: emissions from spectators and athletes traveling

Sustainability has been a major focus for the Games, as both the organizers and the International Olympic Committee seek to model how to cut carbon pollution while running a major event. Researchers say the list of locales that could reliably host a Winter Games will shrink substantially in the coming years.

"Every Games we strive to push innovation in sustainability, reduce the overall impact and the carbon footprint," Julie Duffus, the IOC's head of sustainability, told the AP Friday. She highlighted the use of clean power, upgrades to the energy system and the way these Games were designed so that most venues would be existing or temporary.

Matteo Di Castelnuovo, a professor of energy economics at the SDA Bocconi School of Management in Milan, said he expects the Olympics will stay committed to clean energy, and that "the challenge lies somewhere else to make them greener." The thornier issue for Olympic organizers, and for any business, is figuring out how to reduce the emissions they do not have direct control over, notably those stemming from transportation, he added.

The amount of greenhouse gases estimated to be released into the atmosphere as a result of the Games is similar to the emissions of 4 million average-sized, gasoline-fueled cars driving from Paris to Rome, the organizing committee said in its greenhouse gas management strategy. The largest share of the carbon footprint are activities indirectly related to the Games, such as accommodations and spectator travel. Air travel is a significant contributor because burning jet fuel releases carbon dioxide.

Karl Stoss, who chairs the Games' Future Host Commission, has said they may eventually need to reduce the number of sports, athletes and spectators.

Many skiers, including Team USA members Lindsey Vonn and Mikaela Shiffrin, expressed concern during the Games about climate change accelerating the melt of the world's glaciers.