Periodic pain is a part of life many people can effectively manage without the help of medical professionals. A sore knee after some pickup basketball or a stiff neck after an awkward sleep probably won’t necessitate a trip or call to a doctor. But persistent pain does merit such concern, and could in fact be indicative of a condition known as fibromyalgia.
What is fibromyalgia?
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases describes fibromyalgia as a chronic disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body. People with fibromyalgia also experience fatigue and trouble sleeping.
What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?
The NIAMS indicates chronic, widespread pain throughout the body, an overwhelming feeling of being tired and difficulty sleeping are the main symptoms of fibromyalgia. But people with fibromyalgia may experience additional symptoms, including:
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- Stiffness in the muscles and joints
- Some areas of the body may be tender to touch
- Tingling in the arms and legs or a feeling of numbness in these areas
- Increased sensitivity to certain stimuli, including light, noise, odors and temperature
- Problems that affect digestion, including bloating or constipation
The symptoms of fibromyalgia are often physical, but some people experience cognitive signs as well. Cognitive symptoms are often characterized as “fibro fog,” which is akin to brain fog that makes it hard to concentrate, think clearly or remember things.
What causes fibromyalgia?
The Cleveland Clinic notes that experts are uncertain about what causes fibromyalgia. But some studies have found a genetic link that suggests parents might pass the condition down to their children. However, the NIAMS points out that people with no family history of fibromyalgia still get it.
What are the risk factors for fibromyalgia?
Age and sex are two notable risk factors for fibromyalgia, which is most often diagnosed in individuals over 40. In addition, the Cleveland Clinic reports that women are twice as likely as men to experience fibromyalgia, and the NIAMS notes fibromyalgia affects people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. Additional risk factors for fibromyalgia include:
- Chronic illnesses: People with osteoarthritis are more likely to get fibromyalgia, as are individuals with certain mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders. Irritable bowel syndrome also is considered a risk factor for fibromyalgia.
Stress: Excessive stress can be a risk for fibromyalgia.
Can fibromyalgia be treated?
Treatment for fibromyalgia may require some trial and error as health care professionals work to identify an option that works. Such options may include over-the-counter or prescription medication, including antidepressants; exercises that employ stretching and strength training; sleep therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy; or stress management therapy.
Mount Sinai indicates fibromyalgia affects between 1 and 5 percent of the general population. Understanding the disorder may help people better manage the pain it causes.
