Ultimately, rising seas will likely swamp the first American settlement in Jamestown, Va., as well as the Florida launch pad that sent the first American into orbit, many climate scientists are predicting.
In about a century, some of the places that make America what it is may be slowly erased.
Global warming — through a combination of melting glaciers, shrinking ice sheets and warmer waters expanding — is expected to cause oceans to rise by about 3 feet. It will happen regardless of any future actions to curb greenhouse gases, several leading scientists say. And it will reshape the nation.
Rising waters will lap at the foundations of old-money Wall Street and the new-money towers of Silicon Valley. They will swamp the locations of big-city airports and major interstate highways.
Storm surges worsened by rising sea levels will flood the waterfront getaways of rich politicians — the Bushes' Kennebunkport and John Edwards' place on the Outer Banks.
People are also reading…
And gone will be many of the beaches in Texas and Florida favored by budget-conscious students on spring break.
Coastal maps created at UA
That's the troubling outlook projected by coastal maps reviewed by The Associated Press. The maps, created by scientists at the University of Arizona, are based on data from the U.S. Geological Survey.
Few of the more than 24 climate experts interviewed disagree with the 3-foot projection. Some believe it could happen in 50 years, others say 100, and still others say 150.
Sea-level rise is "the thing I'm most concerned about as a scientist," says Benjamin Santer, a climate physicist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
"We're going to get (3 feet), and there's nothing we can do about it," said University of Victoria climatologist Andrew Weaver, a lead author of the February report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in Paris. "It's going to happen no matter what — the question is when."
Sea-level rise "has consequences about where people live and what they care about," said Donald Boesch, a University of Maryland scientist who has studied the issue. "We're going to be into this big national debate about what we protect and at what cost."
This week, beginning with a meeting at the United Nations on Monday, world leaders will convene to talk about fighting global warming. At week's end, leaders will gather in Washington with President Bush.
Experts say protecting America's coastlines would run well into the billions and not all spots could be saved.
And it's not just a rising ocean that is the problem. With it comes an even greater danger of storm surge, from hurricanes, winter storms and regular coastal storms, Boesch said. Sea-level rise means higher and more frequent flooding from these events, he said.
All told, 3 feet of sea-level rise in just the lower 48 states would put about 25,000 square miles under water, according to Jonathan Overpeck, director of the UA's Institute for the Study of Planet Earth. That's an area the size of West Virginia. The amount of lost land is even greater when Hawaii and Alaska are included, Overpeck said.
The Environmental Protection Agency's calculation projects a land loss of about 22,000 square miles.
The EPA, which studied only the Eastern and Gulf coasts, found that Louisi-ana, Florida, the Carolinas and Texas would lose the most land. But even inland areas like Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia also have slivers of at-risk land, according to the EPA.
This past summer's flooding of subways in New York could become far more regular, even an everyday occurrence, with the projected sea rise, other scientists said.
And New Orleans' Katrina experience and the daily loss of Louisiana wetlands — which serve as a barrier that weakens hurricanes — are previews of what is to come there.
Fla. wells could be tainted
Florida faces a serious public-health risk from rising salt water tainting drinking-water wells, said Joel Scheraga, the EPA's director of global change research. And the farm-rich San Joaquin Delta in California faces serious salt-water flooding problems, other experts said.
Even John Christy at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, a scientist often quoted by global-warming skeptics, said the seas will rise at least 16 inches by the end of the century. But he tells people to prepare for a rise of about 3 feet just in case.
S. Jeffress Williams, a U.S. Geological Survey coastal geologist in Woods Hole, Mass., says it's "not unreasonable at all" to expect that much in 100 years.
The change will be a gradual process, one that is so slow it will be easy to ignore for a while.
"It's like sticking your finger in a pot of water on a burner and you turn the heat on," Williams said. "You kind of get used to it."
Local angle
This article is based on coastal maps created by scientists at the University of Arizona, based on data from the U.S. Geological Survey. The interactive maps, showing areas susceptible to sea-level rise, are posted on the Web site of UA's Department of Geosciences Environmental Studies Laboratory: http://tinyurl.com/ca73h
